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Vitalik Buterin’s vision for Ethereum: Pectra, Glamsterdam and beyond

Why do Ethereum upgrades matter?

Ethereum upgrades are essential to scale, secure and evolve the network without compromising its decentralized foundation.

Ethereum still stands as the heavyweight of smart contract platforms, but staying on top means relentless reinvention. Every upgrade isn’t just a technical tweak; it’s a high-stakes move to crack the toughest problems in crypto: clogged scalability, soaring gas fees, clunky onboarding and the constant creep of centralization.

In a race where rivals are slashing transaction times and polishing user experiences, standing still isn’t an option. To hold its ground at the center of decentralized finance (DeFi), non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and Web3 as a whole, Ethereum must keep sharpening both its execution and consensus engines.

The Ethereum development roadmap — from the upcoming Pectra upgrade to Fusaka and the Glamsterdam Ethereum update — is more than a technical checklist. It’s a balancing act: scaling to meet global demand while fiercely defending the decentralized ideals it was built on. In many ways, these upgrades aren’t just upgrades — they’re Ethereum’s ultimate stress test for the future.

Vitalik Buterin’s vision for Ethereum: Pectra, Glamsterdam and beyond
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Multi-wallet usage up 16%, but AI may address crypto fragmentation gap

Fragmentation and complicated user experience remain two of the most significant obstacles to cryptocurrency’s mainstream adoption, according to a new industry report. Most users now use at least two wallets to manage their cryptocurrency investments.

The lack of interoperability across blockchains means users need to create multiple wallets to interact with different networks, with users having at least two wallets rising by 16% over the past year.

According to a research report published by onchain user experience platform Reown and crypto intelligence firm Nansen, 62% of crypto users reported using at least two wallets over the past three months, up from 45% in 2024.

More than 18% of respondents said security was their top concern related to wallet use, while 10.6% cited poor user experience as the biggest issue.

Wallet usage over the past 3 months. Source: Nansen, Reown

Related: Bitcoin volatility lowest in 563 days, Hayes predicts $1M BTC by 2028

AI integration may be next “breakthrough” for crypto wallets

“We’re at a pivotal moment in the evolution of wallet UX,” according to Eowyn Chen, the CEO at Trust Wallet. “The next wave of users, especially those coming from traditional Web2 or emerging markets, are bringing new expectations that challenge how we design tools and interfaces.”

Multi-wallet usage up 16%, but AI may address crypto fragmentation gap
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‘Bad breach of ethics’ — Musk echoes crypto execs in backlash against WSJ

Tesla CEO Elon Musk has lashed out at The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), calling the publication’s latest report “an EXTREMELY BAD BREACH OF ETHICS,” after it claimed the Tesla board was actively seeking his replacement as CEO.

The report, published on April 30, alleged that the board had approached recruitment firms due to concerns over Musk’s political activity and split focus across multiple ventures.

Musk took to X to denounce the article, stating that the WSJ deliberately published false information while knowingly excluding an “unequivocal denial” from Tesla’s board.

Tesla board chair Robyn Denholm also issued a strong rebuttal early Thursday morning, posting on Tesla’s official X account that the board had not contacted recruiters.

“This is absolutely false,” she said. “The CEO of Tesla is Elon Musk and the Board is highly confident in his ability to continue executing on the exciting growth plan ahead.”

‘Bad breach of ethics’ — Musk echoes crypto execs in backlash against WSJ
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Strategy ends April up 32% in best month since November as Q1 earnings loom

Key takeaways:

Strategy’s stock rose 32% in April, its biggest monthly gain since November.

Speculation is building that Strategy will announce a major capital raise during its Q1 earnings call on May 1 as it continues to grow its Bitcoin holdings.

Analysts expect a 1% year-on-year revenue bump to $116.6 million, following the firm’s $120.7 million revenues for Q4 2024.

Michael Saylor’s Strategy closed April with its highest monthly gain since November, ahead of the firm’s highly anticipated earnings call on May 1.

Strategy ends April up 32% in best month since November as Q1 earnings loom
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Sam Altman’s eye-scanning crypto project World launches in US

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman’s crypto-tied digital identity project World, formerly Worldcoin, has made its US debut in six cities. 

The project, which aims to verify humans in the age of artificial intelligence, is initially coming to what it calls the “key innovation hubs” of Atlanta, Austin, Los Angeles, Miami, Nashville and San Francisco, according to an April 30 announcement.

World offers a crypto token, Worldcoin (WLD), to those who verify their identity with its spherical device called an Orb, which scans a user’s face and eyes.

The firm had previously skirted launching in the US due to regulatory concerns over offering a token, fears now seemingly allayed with the crypto-friendly Trump administration.

The data from World’s Orb scan can be used to make a World ID on the company’s platform that aims to verify that a user is human and can be used to verify that with other platforms, including Minecraft, Reddit, Telegram, Shopify and Discord.

Sam Altman’s eye-scanning crypto project World launches in US
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Crypto losses spike 1,100% in April with 5th-largest-ever hack: CertiK

Crypto losses spiked by 1,163% over April, with the lion’s share of lost crypto coming from a single heist of an elderly US individual’s wallet, says blockchain security firm CertiK.

CertiK said in an April 30 X post that a total of $364 million was lost to exploits, hacks and scams in April, jumping from the $28.8 million recorded by CertiK in March

The firm added that white hat exploiters had returned around $18.2 million from exploits on the crypto protocols KiloEx, Loopscale and ZKsync, which brought down the month’s total.

The largest hack in April, and the fifth largest to date, involved an elderly US individual who lost 3,520 Bitcoin (BTC), valued at $330.7 million. The Bitcoin was stolen from their wallet after a hacker used advanced social engineering tactics to gain access on April 30.

Excluding that attack, April’s crypto losses were $34 million, a 21% jump from March.

Crypto losses spike 1,100% in April with 5th-largest-ever hack: CertiK
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North Carolina House passes state crypto investment bill

North Carolina’s House of Representatives has passed a bill allowing the state’s treasurer to invest public funds in approved cryptocurrencies, which will now head to the Senate.

The House passed the Digital Assets Investment Act, or House Bill 92, on its third reading on April 30 by a vote of 71 to 44.

Republican House Speaker Destin Hall introduced the bill in February, which would allow the treasurer to allocate 5% of the state’s investments into designated digital assets.

The investments can only be made after obtaining an independent third-party assessment confirming that the crypto holdings are maintained with a secure custody solution and risk oversight and regulatory compliance standards are met. 

New amendments allow the treasurer to examine the feasibility of allowing members of retirement and deferred compensation plans to elect to invest in digital assets held as exchange-traded products (ETPs).

North Carolina House passes state crypto investment bill
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Galaxy Digital plans Nasdaq listing as crypto stocks post strong rebound

Key takeaways:

Galaxy Digital plans to begin trading on the Nasdaq on May 16, pending shareholder and Nasdaq approval.

Nasdaq-listed crypto firms posted strong gains in April after a period of macroeconomic uncertainty.

Galaxy CEO Mike Novogratz says the listing will broaden the company’s investor base and US presence.

The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) listed crypto investment firm Galaxy Digital is set to move to the US-based Nasdaq on May 16, pending stakeholder approval at its upcoming shareholders meeting.

Galaxy Digital plans Nasdaq listing as crypto stocks post strong rebound
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US crypto groups urge SEC for clarity on staking

Nearly 30 crypto advocate groups led by the lobby group the Crypto Council for Innovation (CCI) have asked the Securities and Exchange Commission for clear regulatory guidance on crypto staking and staking services.

The CCI’s Proof of Stake Alliance (POSA) group argued in an April 30 letter to the agency’s Crypto Task Force lead, SEC Commissioner Hester Peirce, that staking is fundamentally a technical process, not an investment activity. 

“Staking isn’t niche — it’s the backbone of the decentralized internet,” the letter said. 

The letter responded to the SEC’s call for public input on whether staking and liquid staking, where crypto users lock up their tokens to earn more, should be regulated under federal securities laws.

The coalition called for the SEC to support responsible inclusion of staking features in exchange-traded products (ETPs), and “avoid overly prescriptive rules that could freeze market structures and stifle innovation in the staking space.”

US crypto groups urge SEC for clarity on staking
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Crypto token failures soar, with 1 in 4 launched since 2021 dying in Q1: CoinGecko

About one in four crypto tokens launched since 2021 have failed in the first quarter of this year amid a crypto market downturn and token creation becoming easier than ever, says crypto data platform CoinGecko.

Since 2021, nearly 7 million cryptocurrencies have been listed on CoinGecko’s token tracking tool GeckoTerminal, and over half, or 3.7 million tokens, “have since stopped trading and are considered failed,” CoinGecko research analyst Shaun Paul Lee said in an April 30 report.

“Alarmingly, the first quarter of 2025 alone saw the collapse of 1.8 million tokens,” he added, which is “the highest number of failures recorded in a single year.” It also comprises just under half of all failures and represents a quarter of all tokens launched since 2021.

CoinGecko recorded tokens with at least one trade before going defunct and only Pump.fun tokens that graduated, or completed the token creation platform’s bonding curve.

There are more crypto tokens than ever, but many are failing to survive in the long term. Source: CoinGecko

Lee linked the recent token die-off to “broader market turbulence” after Donald Trump’s inauguration in January, which saw Bitcoin (BTC) hit a peak high but was followed by a sharp downturn in the crypto market.

Crypto token failures soar, with 1 in 4 launched since 2021 dying in Q1: CoinGecko
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XRP traders predict new all-time highs as ETF approval odds rise to 85%

Key takeaways:

XRP ETF approval odds rise to 85% following a SEC leadership change.

Analysts predict XRP could rise to new all-time highs again in 2025.

XRP price dropped by 5% over the past 24 hours as US GDP data showed a shrinking economy.

However, a strengthening market structure and investors’ growing hope for a spot XRP ETF approval in the United States suggest that the altcoin might revisit its April peak at $2.36 in the short term. 

XRP traders predict new all-time highs as ETF approval odds rise to 85%
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Robinhood beats Q1 estimates despite revenue, crypto trading dip

Trading platform Robinhood has still managed to beat Wall Street estimates as its first-quarter revenues fell and its crypto trading volume cooled from a record high in Q4.

Robinhood’s Q1 results shared on April 30 show revenues fell 8.6% from the previous quarter to $927 million, topping Zacks analyst estimates by 3.16%.

The company’s crypto revenue plummeted nearly 30% quarter-on-quarter to $252 million from the firm’s record-setting Q4 2024.  

The drop could be partly attributed to the Trump administration’s tariffs, which triggered an 18% fall in the crypto market cap over the quarter.

Crypto trading volume on Robinhood also fell 35% over Q1 compared to the fourth quarter of 2024, which the firm attributed to a 10% drop in customer trades placed and a 27% fall in average notional volume per trade.

Robinhood beats Q1 estimates despite revenue, crypto trading dip
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Solana futures open interest nears all-time high — Will SOL price follow?

Key points:

Solana held the $140 support level for a week, a first in more than two months, highlighting traders’ growing confidence.

SOL futures open interest hit $5.75 billion on April 30, showing strong institutional interest.

With rising DEX volumes and a $9.5 billion TVL, SOL could rally to $200 before a potential spot ETF approval on Oct. 10.

Solana’s native token, SOL (SOL), fell 4% between April 29 and April 30 after failing to sustain the $150 level. Despite this short-term decline, traders seem more confident as the $140 support remained intact for a whole week, an outcome that hadn’t happened in over two months. 

Solana futures open interest nears all-time high — Will SOL price follow?
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Ethereum bulls show interest as traders’ confidence in ETH’s $1.8K level improves

Key takeaways:

Traders remain cautious about ETH’s price action, but optimistic sentiment is beginning to return.

The May 7, Ethereum Pectra upgrade could boost investor sentiment, but ETH’s price action shows investors are still hesitant to open new positions.

Ether (ETH) has been trading below $1,900 since March, leading investors to question whether the failed attempt to reclaim $4,000 in December 2024 signaled the end of an era for the leading altcoin. Concerns continue to mount as derivatives market data shows that professional traders remain cautious about ETH’s price outlook. 

ETH monthly futures should trade at a premium of 5% or more compared to spot markets to compensate for the longer settlement period, but this indicator has held below the neutral threshold.

Ethereum bulls show interest as traders’ confidence in ETH’s $1.8K level improves
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Bitcoin price recovers, Ethereum RWA value up 20%: April in charts

April 2025 witnessed crypto markets rocked by more tariffs at the direction of US President Donald Trump — controversial policies that could have influenced the outcome of Canada’s elections on April 28.

On April 2, Trump levied “discounted reciprocal tariffs” on 185 countries and territories. The Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 2,200 points on April 4, while the S&P 500 dropped nearly 6%, its largest decline since March 2020. Bitcoin (BTC) went along for the ride but broke from stocks as it recovered toward the end of the month. 

Blockchain adoption metrics for Ethereum are looking good, as the network now boasts 60% real-world asset (RWA) tokenization value. Major firms like BlackRock are sure the blockchain will be the standard for RWAs, but other observers believe that scaling issues could create problems.

On matters of policy, pro-crypto legislators in a number of US states are pushing their respective bills; two states have introduced new legislation in April. In Canada, pro-crypto Conservatives lost to the Liberals, but the victors must form a minority government.

Here’s April in numbers.

“Liberation Day” sees markets plunge, Bitcoin up 16% on the month

On April 2, the US president levied retaliatory tariffs on all US trade partners, sending Wall Street into a spiral. Between the announcement after market close and the end of trading on April 8, global markets wiped off more than $8.5 trillion in asset value. By the same date, the S&P 500 had fallen by just north of 12%.


Market value has since inched back upward as some countries court the Trump administration seeking tariff relief, but major partners such as China still haven’t budged. While markets have recovered slightly, losses still amount to a “mere” $1 trillion, according to investment managers AJ Bell. 

Bitcoin price recovers, Ethereum RWA value up 20%: April in charts
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‘Huge Shift’ in crypto firms’ compliance mindset, says Elliptic co-founder

The crypto industry has seen a significant shift toward regulatory compliance since its early days, according to James Smith, co-founder of Elliptic, a crypto compliance firm established in 2013.

“In the early days, only a few companies approached compliance in a serious way,” Smith told Cointelegraph at the Token2049 event. “Coinbase was our first customer — they knew from the start that they wanted to build their business that way. But for most others, it just wasn’t a major priority.”Elliptic co-founder James Smith at Token2049. Source: Cointelegraph

That began to shift as regulators, including those in New York State, took a more active interest in the crypto industry. The involvement of traditional financial institutions like Fidelity and DBS Bank also contributed, as they entered the space with established compliance expectations from traditional finance services.

Fidelity, for instance, offered its first crypto service for customers in 2019, while the Asian giant DBS created a digital exchange for accredited and institutional investors in 2020.

“We've seen a big change in the last couple of years. Exchanges on the global map all care about compliance now, because they want to be part of a global ecosystem,” Smith said.

Related: DeFi security and compliance must be improved to attract institutions

‘Huge Shift’ in crypto firms’ compliance mindset, says Elliptic co-founder
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'To have freedom of money, you have to have freedom of speech' — CZ

Binance co-founder and former CEO Changpeng “CZ” Zhao took the stage at Token2049 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), where he told the audience that his investment in social media platform X was aimed at protecting freedom of speech.

The former Binance executive joined a fireside panel with macroeconomic analyst Raoul Pal to discuss the rationale behind his 2022 investment in X and artificial intelligence. Zhao said:

"I think freedom of money is important, but to have freedom of money, you have to have freedom of speech. Freedom of speech is kind of the bottom line. If you don't have that, nothing — no other freedom — works."  

"So, when we invested in Twitter back then, it was based on that philosophy," Zhao continued.

The former Binance CEO also criticized Europe's crypto policies, characterizing them as dead in the water compared to more pro-business jurisdictions like the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as he advocated for greater financial autonomy and personal liberties.

Macroeconomic analyst Raoul Pal and Changpeng Zhao at the Token2049 event. Source: Cointelegraph

Related: CZ aims to teach 1 billion kids through Giggle Academy — Token2049

'To have freedom of money, you have to have freedom of speech' — CZ
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Bitcoin rebounds from bearish US GDP data as dip buyers push BTC price back toward $95K

Key takeaways:

Bitcoin bulls are attacking the $95,000 level again after today’s brief US GDP-induced sell-off.

Traders are semi-agnostic to negative US economic data as they expect the Federal Reserve to resume easing and rate cuts at some point in the future.

Bitcoin (BTC) price knocks on the door of $95,000 after starting the NY trading session with a slight sell-off to $92,910 following alarm-raising US GDP data, which showed the economy shrank in Q1 2025. The move mirrors a similar recovery seen in the DOW and S&P 500, which bounced 0.35% and 0.15% respectively at the closing bell. 

The quick recovery in Bitcoin price highlights the strong bid by a variety of market participants, and it lines up with the view that the April 30 GDP data could be a one-off event resulting from businesses ramping up their imports ahead of President Donald Trump’s tariffs on about 90 countries. 

Bitcoin rebounds from bearish US GDP data as dip buyers push BTC price back toward $95K
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Bloomberg Intelligence boosts Solana ETF approval odds to 90%

Bloomberg Intelligence has boosted its estimated odds of US regulators approving a Solana exchange-traded fund (ETF) in 2025 to 90%, according to an April 30 post on the X platform. 

The company also set more favorable chances of approval for other altcoin ETFs, including proposed funds holding XRP (XRP) and Dogecoin (DOGE), Bloomberg analyst Eric Balchunas said in an X post. 

The estimates reflect an improved outlook from Bloomberg analysts. In a February analysis, Bloomberg pegged the odds of a Solana (SOL) ETF approval at only 70%. They ascribed a 65% and 75% chance of approval to funds holding XRP and DOGE, respectively. 

As of April 30, six asset managers — including Grayscale, VanEck and 21Shares — are awaiting clearance from the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to list ETFs holding the Solana blockchain network’s native cryptocurrency. 

The same number of issuers are waiting on approval for XRP ETFs, and three are seeking approval for DOGE funds, according to Bloomberg data. The SEC has until October to review and potentially approve the proposed funds.

Bloomberg Intelligence boosts Solana ETF approval odds to 90%
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Coinbase files brief with US Supreme Court in support of taxpayers' privacy

US-based cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase has filed an amicus brief in the country’s Supreme Court in support of a taxpayer fighting the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) gaining access to his data from a digital asset platform.

In an April 30 filing in the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS), lawyers for Coinbase argued that a First Circuit Court of Appeals decision set a “dangerous precedent” for crypto users, potentially allowing the government to “trace users’ every crypto transaction in the past and monitor every crypto transaction in the future.” The appeal to the Supreme Court stemmed from petitioner James Harper, a Coinbase user, who took legal action against the IRS after the crypto exchange was forced to turn over transaction data to the government using a sweeping “John Doe” summons in 2017.

“This case directly affects Coinbase’s interest in protecting the privacy rights of its users and in the correct application of this Court’s doctrine on constitutional guarantees against warrantless government demands for third-party service providers to surrender users’ personal information,” the brief reads.

“If the First Circuit’s ruling is allowed to stand, the Fourth Amendment will give no protection to millions of law-abiding Americans who routinely share intimate personal information with the third parties that ubiquitously store, transmit, or provide services based on that data,” it added.

April 30 Coinbase amicus brief. Source: US Supreme Court

An amicus brief is a filing in support of a plaintiff by an entity that is not directly involved. The case before the court has the potential to set significant precedents for digital privacy rights for crypto users and how the IRS will be allowed to gather data on taxpayers. Both the US District Court for the District of New Hampshire and the First Circuit have ruled against Harper’s petition, leaving the Supreme Court as his last option for an appeal.

Coinbase files brief with US Supreme Court in support of taxpayers' privacy
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